Liposomal Glutathione Supplementation Mitigates Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in the Liver and Spleen

Background: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for a fifth of all Mycobacterium (M. tb) infections worldwide. The rise multidrug resistance in M. tb alongside the hepatotoxicity associated with antibiotics presents challenges managing and treating (TB), thereby prompting need new therapeutic approaches. Administration liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) has previously been shown to lower oxidative stress, enhance granulomatous response, reduce burden lungs tb-infected mice. However, effects L-GSH supplementation during active EPTB liver spleen have yet be explored. Methods: In this study, we evaluated hepatic (GSH) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cytokine profiles untreated L-GSH-treated wild type (WT) Additionally, splenic burdens tissue pathologies were also assessed. Results: increased total levels reduced GSH. A decrease MDA, oxidized GSH, interleukin (IL)-6 was detected following treatment. Furthermore, observed increase interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production IL-10 levels. survival significantly supplementation. treatment provided host-protective effect Conclusions: Overall, elevated forms GSH by decreasing enhancing immunosupportive cytokines, reducing immunosuppressive cytokines. These benefits highlight potential provide insight into novel interventions against infections.